linus rawlings biography

Kimathi Rawlings. Dora Hawkins: I ain't so sure.It was hard muscle and I could feel the blade just kinda skitter along his ribs. Nothing moved along that slope, nor in the valley below. Of the over 1,000 articles and books he published as sole or joint author, about two-thirds are on scientific subjects. He received his early education in Oregon, finishing in 1922 with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Oregon Agricultural College in Corvallis now Oregon State University. Over the seven decades of his scientific career, Pauling's research interests were amazingly wide-ranging and eclectic. Awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, in 1926-27 he studied in Europe with physicists who were exploring the implications of quantum mechanics for atomic structure. Her father was principal examiner in the U.S. Patent Office, but according to Rawlings, "he lived the true life of his mind and heart on his Maryland farm" ("Marjorie Rawlings" 343). Zeb Rawlings: Do you remember the story Pa used to tell us about fightin' that grizzly bear? Additionally, Mr. Rawlings receives an annual salary of $339,360. From published studies, from physiological and evolutionary reasoning, and from his and his wife's own experiences, he became convinced of the value of vitamin C in large doses as a prophylactic or palliative for the common cold. by GhLinks Media January 25, 2021, 8:42 am. He met stiff opposition to his efforts in the charged days of the budding Cold War. In 1946 Pauling postulated that the gene might consist of two mutually complementary strands a concept anticipating Watson and Crick's discovery of DNA structure seven years later. The eldest child of Henry and Lucy Pauling, he was born on February 28, 1901. After his early education in Condon and Portland, Oregon, he attended Oregon Agricultural College (now Oregon State University), where he met Ava Helen Miller, who would later become his wife, and where he received his Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering summa cum laude in 1922. Presently, he is the star of "Fast N' Loud", which is a reality-styled Discovery Channel TV show. Born: February 28, 1901 Portland Oregon Died: August 19, 1994 (aged 93) Big Sur California Awards And Honors: Nobel Prize (1962) Nobel Prize (1954) Notable Works: "No More War!" "The Nature of the Chemical Bond, and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals" . Popular books in which Linus Pauling detailed his nutritional recommendations are Vitamin C and the Common Cold, Cancer and Vitamin C (with Ewan Cameron, M.D. During the infamous McCarthy era in the early 1950s, he was treated almost as a traitor. And, when energetic music was played, the couple felt inspired to get up and dance to the delight of onlookers. The original handwritten manuscript was given by a former student of Pauling's to the Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine and is now part of the Ava Helen and Linus Pauling Papers in the Valley Library at Oregon State University. Nine biographies and three anthologies of his writings and speeches have been published thus far, and a two-volume collection of many of his most important scientific publications was published in 2002. Pauling discovered that in many cases the type of bonding whether ionic or covalent (formed by a sharing of electrons between bonded atoms) could be determined from a substance's magnetic properties. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences cited his seminal work on the nature of the chemical bond and the structure of molecules and crystals and also acknowledged his application of the resulting concepts to elucidatingthe structure of proteins, specifically the alpha helix. Linus received a strong blow at age nine when his father died of a perforating ulcer, leaving a wife, son, and two daughters on the edge of poverty. ", In 1964 Linus Pauling left his tenured professorship at Caltech because of pressure from administrators and conservative trustees who disapproved of his prominent, persistent anti-nuclear and international peace-promoting activities. They were women like Lilith Prescott, a smart, spirited beauty who fled her family and fell for a gambling man in the midst of a frontier gold boom. And though in later years he was primarily involved in biomedical research, his curiosity often impelled him to identify the intricate structures of many clay minerals, transition metals, intermetallic compounds, and other substances. Following Pauling's death at the age of 93 at his ranch near Big Sur on the California coast, a memorial service was held at Stanford Memorial Church in Palo Alto on Aug. 29. (Credit: Public Domain). ANSWER. They could also accurately predict new compounds and chemical reactions on a theoretical basis that was far more satisfactory than the straight empiricism of pre-Pauling chemistry. Upon tasting its briny waters, he incorrectly concluded that it was part of the Pacific Ocean. He asked scientists to become peacemakers. He also criticized the U.S. for interfering in Latin American nations, as in Cuba and Nicaragua, and or waging war with Iraq in the Persian Gulf instead of using economic sanctions and negotiation. Nonetheless, after doing our research, details about his parents are not available, and it is also not known if he has any siblings. Resonance is a rapid jumping of electrons back and forth between two or more possible positions in a bond network. Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings - American author, 1896-1953. The coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death. Nevertheless, Pauling was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances.. Linus Rawlings : No, well, I reckon my manners ain't much at that. The ensemble rehearses and performs in the beautiful historic confines of St Linus church in Coburg North as well as other venues in the outer suburbs of Melbourne. He maintained that patient, reasoned negotiation and diplomacy, using the objectivity and procedures of the scientific method, would settle disputes in a more lasting, rational, and far more humane way than war. Find out more about the lives of six adventurers who made their mark on the American frontier. Linus is betrayed when he accompanies seductive Dora Hawkins, into a cave, modeled after a real outlaw haunt, now a part of Cave-in-Rock State Park, to see a "varmint". Col. Jeb Hawkins: Oh, you just need more practice, that's all.It's a pity you ain't got the knack your ma had, Lord rest her soul. Pauling was the first of three children and the only son of Herman Pauling, a pharmacist, and Lucy Isabelle (Darling) Pauling, a pharmacists daughter. Stone with John Colter carved into it. Lived 1901 - 1994. Share. In 1973 he co-founded a California research institute devoted to the study of the health effects of vitamin C and other nutrients. Why'd you do it? https://www.britannica.com/biography/Linus-Pauling, Academy of Achievement - Biography of Linus C. Pauling, Oregon Encyclopedia - Biography of Linus Pauling, Famous Scientists - Biography of Linus Pauling, Linus Pauling - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), The Nature of the Chemical Bond, and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals. Peter Pauling, Ph.D., a crystallographer and retired lecturer in chemistry, resided in Wales until his death in 2003. The family lived together in a humble one room apartment. QUIZ. Dr. Pauling spent the day outside the gates carrying a placard that protested atmospheric nuclear testing. Pauling's interest in molecular structure continued throughout his long career, and the theoretical calculations involved meant utter happiness to him. They often dismissed his ideas as quackery. He is a Massai and a Christian of African ethnicity and the black race. shelved 67,073 times Showing 30 distinct works. By folding a paper on which he had drawn a chain of linked amino acids, he discovered a cylindrical coil-like configuration, later called the alpha helix. He ventured into metallurgy and mineralogy through the study of atomic structures and bonding of metals and minerals and, with his colleagues, published the structures of hundreds of inorganic substances, including topaz and mica. After killing his partner, the Indians stripped Colter naked, gave him a brief head start and then chased after him as though he were wild game. Through his research he clarified much about the structure of the smallest units of matter. She was greatly involved in peace activities, both with her husband and on her own. It was a happy time for me. Pauling was fascinated by the specificity of antibody-antigen reactions, and he later developed a theory that accounted for this specificity through a unique folding of the antibodys polypeptide chain. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! He invented a meter that monitored oxygen levels in submarines and airplanes; the device later provided invaluable in ensuring safe levels of that life-sustaining gas for premature infants in incubators and for surgery patients under anesthesia. He often provoked the scientific, medical, and political communities with his imaginative scientific hypotheses and strong social activism. In 1925 he received a Ph.D. in chemistry and mathematical physics. An earlier version of this short biography was prepared by Barbara Marinacci and published in "Linus Pauling In Memoriam" (Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine, 1994, LPISM). National Library of Medicine After his sister Pauline was born, the family moved to Salem, Oregon as his father took up a salesman job at the Skidmore Drug Company. Rebecca Prescott: You've only ate four plates, I was beginning to think you didn't like it. By the time his failing eyesight forced him to retire in 1867, he had spent some. Though illiterate and small in stature, Carson was also a natural frontiersman who learned half a dozen native languages and knew the wilderness like the back of his hand. Yaa Asantewaa enrolled at Trinity College, University of Dublin in Ireland. Colter was once wounded while fighting alongside Crow and Flathead tribesmen, but the most legendary chapter in his career came in 1809, when he was captured by a band of Blackfeet while trapping near Three Forks, Montana. He based this theoretical configuration on chemical-bonding considerations plus x-ray diffraction evidence from certain fibrous proteins. Doubtless, the public today knows Dr. Linus Pauling more for his advocacy of vitamin C and orthomolecular medicine than for his work on the chemical bond or for world peace. He pursued these subjects nearly to the time of this death. That was Linus Pauling's practice: he would assign graduate students to post-docs to learn techniques. She has shrunk to the size of a mouse and explores her garden where she finds: a runaway pot plant; her giant cat; fairies dancing; and a parade of insects. While working for Bonneville in 1833, Walker led an expedition that bushwhacked its way from Wyoming to California across the Sierra Nevada. Linus Pauling 's birthplace is Portland, Oregon. Only in 1954, when Pauling received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, was an unrestricted passport reinstated. In the mid-1950s Pauling extended his earlier interest in human physiology into studying the mental and somatic health of groups and individuals. From time to time, I would ask Bea Wulf, Pauling's devoted -- and formidable -- secretary, for an appointment to talk with him. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Belle Pauling, stunned by her husband's sudden death and disabled by pernicious anemia, spent her remaining years running a boarding house on the outskirts of Portland. Childhood & Early Life. Jerry Rawlings biography. In 1954 Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Linus was born and brought up by his parents in Kiajiado County, Kenya. Many physicians attacked his approach; the medical community criticized his decision to publish a popular book on the subject without prior peer-reviewed scientific publication; and many thought his claims unsubstantiated. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he evolved into a fully heroic figure to hundreds of thousands of Americans who admired the chemist's courageous protest against atmospheric nuclear testing. In 1940 he made the novel proposal that this specificity is achieved through molecular complementariness, which he regarded as the secret of life. Acknowledging Pauling's patriotic wartime activities, President Harry Truman in 1948 presented the Presidential Medal for Merit to him "for outstanding services to the United States from October 1940 to June 1946. At LPI Pauling and his staff worked on developing diagnostic tests and tools for analyzing a multitude of compounds found in bodily fluids. The National Library of Medicine gave him its Sesquicentennial Commemorative Award in 1986; he was given other notable medical awards, such as the Addis, Phillips, Virchow, Lattimer, and the French Academy of Medicine medals. Rawlings died at the home of his close friend and colleague Dr Devinder Sivia, a Lecturer in Mathematics for the Sciences at St John's College, on 11 January 2012. As happened earlier with his outspoken antinuclear and peace activism, and even to some extent with his original work on the nature of the chemical bond, assaults from critics did not stop Pauling from maintaining his position, and he was often regarded as a besieged hero. He lost his father in 1910, to a perforated ulcer. Jedidiah Smith developed his thirst for adventure by reading the journals of Lewis and Clark as a boy, and he later followed in their footsteps during a legendary career as a trapper and explorer. Explore more crossword clues and answers by clicking on the results or quizzes. He used what he called the "stochastic method," which drew upon his own encyclopedic knowledge and formidable memory and allowed him to postulate a likely molecular structure, based on reasoning and theoretical calculation. It's a common given name in Sweden. linus rawlings biography. In susceptible patients, hemoglobin molecules in venous blood, lacking oxygen, become self-complementary; distorted, they sticktogether and form long rods that interfere with blood circulation. He battled Confederates at 1862s Battle of Valverde in present day New Mexico, but spent the majority of the war leading a series of controversial campaigns to subdue the Navajo and other Southwestern Indian tribes. He enrolled in the first graduate program that offered adequate support, choosing a fledgling Pasadena research school, the California Institute of Technology, or Caltech. Birthday: August 20, 1986 ( Leo) Born In: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 72 17 Business People #243 Quick Facts Canadian Celebrities Born In August Also Known As: Linus Gabriel Sebastian Age: 36 Years, 36 Year Old Males Family: Spouse/Ex-: Yvonne Ho (m. 2011) siblings: Asher, Emily, George (brothers), Isabelle (sister) Health problems eventually forced Old Gabe Bridger to retire in the late-1860s, but by then his frontier exploits and endless supply of tall tales had established him among the greatest of the mountain men. Zanetor Ageman Rawlings is known for championing for the rights of women and children in Ghana.Through her, several foundations have come up to ensure the rights of women and children are upheld. He then studied the roles of antigens and antibodies in the immune response, one aspect of the important phenomenon of specificity in biochemical interactions. Born on March 30, 1969. (1958). Pauling continued to publish articles about health as well as reminiscences of his career in science and his peace work. In founding the new field of orthomolecular psychiatry ("Orthomolecular Psychiatry" Science 160:265-271, 1968), Pauling proposed that mental abnormalities might be successfully treated by correcting imbalances or deficiencies among naturally occurring biochemical constituents of the brain, notably vitamins and other micronutrients, as an alternative to the administration of potent synthetic psychoactive drugs. He led a military. Along with other eminent scientists (such as Einstein) who felt a moral imperative to voice concerns about where the post-Hiroshima human society was heading, he began to speak out against further development, testing, abuse of nuclear arms, as well as against new state-imposed "loyalty oaths.". Pauling said that his Nobel Peace Prize should really have gone to her, or at least been shared between them. He used theoretical physics, notably quantum theory and quantum mechanics, in his investigations of atomic and molecular structure and chemical bonding. Thus the medical specialties of hematology, serology, immunology, applied genetics, and pathology owe much to Pauling's contributions, which were made long before his intense interest in the promise of nutritional therapy became widely known. Lange's character was named Julie Stuart, and she was the girlfriend (and eventual wife) of George Peppard's character and the daughter of Henry Fonda's character. In Greek myth, Linus is both a musician and poet, the inventor of rhythm and melody who taught music to Hercules. Pauling believed that the creation of nuclear weapons meant that war must be abolished and the reign of world law instituted. The epic tale of the development of the American West from the 1830s through the Civil War to the end of the century, as seen through the eyes of one pioneer family. He first ventured west in 1820 as part of an illegal trapping expedition to Spanish-controlled New Mexico territory, and later served as a guide for the likes of Benjamin Bonneville and John C. Frmont. December 17, 2021 famous footwear credit card bank. Linus Rawlings. He patented an armor-piercing shell, invented an oxygen meter for submarines, and was offered the chance to head the chemistry program at the top-secret Manhattan Project-- which he turned down, not because he was averse to the idea of the atomic bomb, but because it would mean uprooting his family. To the attacks from physicians and other authorities in medicine who through the years dismissed or ridiculed his assertions, Pauling responded with cogent research data and logical reasoning. Despite his past patriotism, for several years he was denied a passport to travel abroad to scientific conferences. After Pauling entered the field of chemistry as a professional in the mid-1920s, his work, grounded in physics, has affected the work of every chemist. President Ford awarded him the National Medal of Science in 1975, and in 1989 the National Science Board presented him with the Vannevar Bush Award in recognition of his outstanding contributions to science, technology, and society. He maintained that biochemical individuality, molecular disease, or environmental stress may increase the need for certain micronutrients, such as vitamin C, considerably above the RDA. When Linus Pauling died on Aug. 19, 1994, the world lost one of its greatest scientists and humanitarians and a much respected and beloved defender of civil liberties and health issues. Two years in the wilderness was more than enough for most of the expeditions members, but as they made their way home in 1806, Colter decided to shun civilization and strike out on a career as a fur trapper. Decrying the strife within the former Yugoslavia, in 1991 he wrote "An Appeal for Peace in Croatia" and signed other international petitions that cited gross human-rights violations. Is how the West was won based on a true story? His parents were Herman Henry William Pauling and Lucy Isabelle Darling. Noyes pointed Pauling in the direction of a new experimental technique called x-ray crystallography, which enabled scientists to learn about the sizes and configurations of atoms within molecules and crystals. He began to formulate generalizations regarding the atomic arrangements in crystals with ionic bonding, in which negatively charged electrons, orbiting around the positively charged nucleus, are transferred from one atom to another. Eve Prescott : Ain't polite to ask a girl why she done something for a man. He spent most of the 18 months at Arnold Sommerfelds Institute for Theoretical Physics in Munich, Germany. Analyzing chemical structure became the central theme of his scientific work. Although her best writing concerned rural regions, the author was born and raised in Washington, D.C., where her father was a patent attorney. Anthea's Garden tells the story of a little girl who has a series of dreamlike, magical adventures. This work in brain-fluid chemistry studying the molecular environment of the mind later led to collaborative clinical research with Dr. Abram Hoffer on the therapeutic efficacy of vitamins in cancer. Dr. Pauling frequently credited his wife with influencing the development of his social consciousness. Following a brief period as a National Research Fellow, he received a Guggenheim Fellowship to study quantum mechanics in Europe. He took professional and personal risks that most of his colleagues avoided. Linus Pauling was the greatest chemist of the twentieth century, and arguably ever. James Beckwourth. Crellin Pauling, Ph.D., was a professor of biology at San Francisco State University until his death in 1997. Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings discovered her literary voice in Florida, where she produced several classic works of American fiction. Linus Rawlings: No, well, it don't pay to eat too much on an empty stomach, ma'am. Linus Rawlings: Thank ya, ma'am. Many of his discoveries and inventions were then expanded upon and utilized profitably in the industry by others. In addition, Pauling was awarded honorary degrees by some 50 universities and colleges throughout the world. ANSWER. (Credit: Public Domain). Linus Rawlings was born in 1810 and died in 1862. Pauling fought back with typical determination. Linus Tech Tips height 5 ft 6 in (163 cm) and weight 76 kg (167 lbs). In the early 1930s, Pauling took over the teaching of freshman chemistry at Caltech. Kimathi Rawlings , Biography , Age , Rawlings Son , Education , Profile , Net Worth , Date of Birth , School. She graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1918 and, with her first husband, moved to New York City to make a go. Jerry John Rawlings (22 June 1947 - 12 November 2020) was a Ghanaian military officer and politician who led the country from 1981 to 2001 and also for a brief period in 1979. While still an undergraduate, Pauling began researching how the physical . In 1992 he was awarded one of his last patents for a novel technique of fabricating superconductive materials. At age 10 Torvalds began to dabble in computer programming on his grandfather's Commodore VIC-20. $90,471 raised. This net worth estimate does not reflect any other assets that Mr. Rawlings may own. CLUE. A great memorable quote from the How the West Was Won movie on Quotes.net - Linus Rawlings: Thank ya, ma'am. Linus Pauling maintained a highly dignified lifestyle and believed in loving entire-fledged happy family life. This is wrong. In the mid-1960s he became intrigued with the biochemistry of nutrition. In 1930, during a trip to Germany, Pauling learned about electron diffraction, and upon his return to California he used this technique of scattering electrons from the nuclei of molecules to determine the structures of some important substances. I learned something interesting almost every day. Pauling's innovative concepts, published beginning in the late 1920s, together with numerous examples of their application to particular chemical compounds or compound groups gave chemists fundamental principles to apply to the growing body of chemical knowledge. LPI continues to function as a working tribute to a great scientist, Linus Pauling. Her husband, a former Caltech professor of geology and vice president and provost, died in 2011. In his view, biochemical individuality involving unique dietary needs specific to individuals determines how optimum health can be achieved through the judicious use of natural substances. He maintained, using scientific data and statistics to make his points, that radioactive fallout would increase the incidence of cancer and genetic disorders, including birth defects. At the same time, Linus Pauling produced a multitude of scholarly scientific papers on an astounding variety of subjects in numerous research fields. His last words were supposedly, Doctor, compadre, adios!, Drawing of Jedediah Smith. In 1945, while hearing a physician describe sickle cell anemia, he instantly surmised that it might be caused by a defect in the red blood cell's hemoglobin. He comes from a family of journalists. His peace activism work was capped in the fall of 1963 with the Nobel Peace Prize for 1962 (a year in which no prize had been awarded). In this most intense phase of the Cold War, Linus Pauling's name was often in the news as when he circulated a petition against atmospheric nuclear testing and the excessive buildup of nuclear arsenals. World War II interrupted this theoretical work, and Paulings focus shifted to more practical problems, including the preparation of an artificial substitute for blood serum useful to wounded soldiers and an oxygen detector useful in submarines and airplanes. Omissions? In tribute to her dedication to world peace, the Ava Helen and Linus Pauling Lectureship in World Peace has been established by the Paulings' alma mater, Oregon State University in Corvallis, where the Paulings' papers, medals, and other memorabilia are housed in Special Collections at the Valley Library. Pauling's long career path led from physics to chemistry to biology to medicine. Here he spent his teenage years seeking order and solace in science. Linus Rawlings stops at an isolated trading post, run by a murderous clan of river pirates, headed by "Alabama Colonel" Jeb Hawkins. After receiving his freedom in the 1820s, he signed on with a fur trapping expedition and headed west to the Rocky Mountains in search of adventure. The petition was presented in early 1958 to the United Nations after being signed by some 9,000 eventually, more than 11,000-scientists worldwide. ", With the war ended, Pauling again focused on his protein-structure studies at Caltech. In 1861, at the age of 62, he set off on a two-year prospecting expedition across New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado. His parents named him Linus Carl. J. Robert Oppenheimer asked Pauling to head the chemistry section of the Manhattan Project, but his suffering from glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the glomerular region of the kidney) prevented him from accepting this offer. To chart bond angles and distances characteristic of particular atoms in relation to other atoms, he used x-ray diffraction (learned earlier as a graduate student) supplemented after 1930 by electron diffraction, an even newer technique that he brought to the U.S. from Europe. A few years later, in 1953, Watson and Crick proposed that the structure for DNA, the genetic substance of living things, is a two-stranded double helix, with one strand of the helix complementary to the other. Your generous support makes the Linus Pauling Institute possible. His fame only grew during the Mexican-American War, when he slipped past enemy lines at the Battle of San Pasquale and made a 30-mile barefoot trek to San Diego to fetch reinforcements. After winning the Nobel Prize, Pauling focused his attention on peace work, organizing scientists and speaking out against nuclear testing and proliferation, often to great criticism and at remarkable personal cost. Linus is known for being behind the development of the Linux kernel and for writing a Pac-Man clone name. In 1939 Pauling brought together his work on these subjects in his definitive book The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals, which became a classic and was translated into many languages. At every turn he was eager to jump disciplinary fences and explore new territory at the borders. In chemistry, in addition to the Nobel Prize (1954), Pauling was given numerous awards, including the Davy, Pasteur, Willard Gibbs, T.W. Detailed laboratory verifications would often be carried out by associates as with most of his research projects. Linus Pauling was born in Portland, Oregon to Herman Henry William Pauling, a bread salesman and Lucy Isabelle 'Belle' Darling. Pauling and his peace work working for Bonneville in 1833, Walker led expedition! 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