The law imposes an additional requirement that associations obtain government preapproval before accepting foreign funds. Abuse of Migrants, Refugees, and Stateless Persons: In June the Associated Press (AP) reported that the government had forced an estimated 13,000 migrants over the previous 14 months to walk from Guezzam, Algeria, to Assamakka, Niger as part of the repatriation process. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. Half of the lunch hour is considered compensated working time. There is no official estimate of the poverty income level. A person released from custody following a dismissal or acquittal may apply to a civil commission to seek compensation from the government for particular and particularly severe harm caused by pretrial detention. Since the subdivision
Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. Since then, it has re-organized twice. II, United Nations, New
The repatriations were conducted in coordination with consular officials from the countries of origin of the migrants, but the migrants were not permitted to challenge their removal. Sept. 29: The Algerian Defense Ministry said the Algerian army killed five armed Islamist militants and seized weapons, munitions and food supplies during a sweep of the forests of Tazoult in the Batna province. Prison sentences for rape range from five to 10 years, and authorities generally enforced the law. Many schools lacked teachers trained to work with children with disabilities, threatening the viability of efforts to mainstream children with disabilities into public schools. The list of essential services included banking, radio, and television. The information collected is used to assist the government in developing targeted programs to support and protect women in vulnerable situations, including violence. )exports: 673 million kWh (2019 est. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. )industrial: 191 million cubic meters (2017 est. The May 2017 elections for the lower chamber of parliament did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. Authorities have been holding journalist, Said Chitour, in pretrial detention since June 2017 without trial. ), lowest 10%: 2.8%highest 10%: 26.8% (1995), revenues: 54.15 billion (2017 est. There were five or six subdivisions. LGBTI activists reported that the vague wording of laws criminalizing homosexual acts and acts against nature permitted sweeping accusations that resulted in multiple arrests for consensual same-sex sexual relations, but no known prosecutions during the year. In May 2017 Fekhar was sentenced to five years imprisonment but in July 2017 a court in Medea reduced that sentence to two years. The government did not grant UNHCR access to these reception centers but reported that by 2016 most Syrians no longer used the centers. The 89 organizations were given formal notices to abide by the law. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Ministry of Culture can also require a full content review of books on other topics if it chooses. Religious texts distributed without authorization may be seized and destroyed. The governments actions included harassment of some critics; arbitrary enforcement of vaguely worded laws; informal pressure on publishers, editors, advertisers, and journalists; and control of an estimated 20 percent of the countrys advertising money and printing capabilities. administration, the country was divided into dpartements (departments), which were subdivided into arrondissements,
The ministrys Media Directorate is responsible for issuing and renewing accreditations to foreign media outlets operating in the country. Those determined by UNHCR to have valid refugee claims were primarily from the DRC, Cote dIvoire, Iraq, and the Central African Republic. The majority of the ministrys programs for children with disabilities remained in social centers for children with disabilities rather than in formal educational institutions. The National Human Rights Committee (CNDH) said the government had dedicated $12 million to ensure the human rights of migrants during repatriation operations (to include accommodation, food, clothing, health care, medicines, and transportation). )$38.551 billion (2019 est. Independent Monitoring: The government allowed the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and local human rights observers to visit prisons and detention centers. The law requires parties to ensure that at least 30 percent of the candidates on their electoral lists are women. International Child Abductions: The country is not a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Individuals may appeal adverse decisions to international human rights bodies, but their decisions would not have the force of law. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. Arabic al-Jazairiya from capital city Algiers, which comes from Arabic al-jaza`ir: the islands, for four
The law does not permit those under age 18 to travel abroad without a guardians permission. ), 151.633 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. In nonfelony cases and in cases of individuals held on charges of terrorism and other subversive activities that exceed a 12-day period plus any authorized extension, the law calls for the release of suspects on provisional liberty, referred to as judicial control, while awaiting trial. The government has mechanisms to investigate and punish abuses, but the government did not always provide public information on disciplinary or legal action against police, military, or other security force personnel. Community members said that obtaining legal assistance was also a challenge due to similar discrimination. 1962-07-01: Algeria became independent from France. If workers face such conditions, they may renegotiate their contract or, failing that, resort to the courts. This table shows the resulting subdivision of Algeria. WebAlgiers Province ( Arabic: , Wilyat al-Jazir, [wilaja aldazair]; French: wilaya d'Alger or province d'Alger) is a province ( wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, The government monitored certain email and social media sites. There were several strikes launched in reaction to the governments refusal to extend official recognition to fledgling new unions and its practice of engaging only with the UGTA. Press outlets report taking extra caution before publishing articles critical of the government or government officials for fear of losing revenue from ANEP. As time went by, the
The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. codes were assigned to those departments whose names had changed. The United Nations or Other International Bodies: The government extended an invitation to the UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances in 2014 and again in 2015, but no visit occurred. NGOs reported that the government did not enforce payment of fines for failing to abide by the law. The DGAPR maintained different categories of prisons that separated prisoners according to the lengths of their sentences. From March 18 until April 8, the ministrys Labor Inspector Service conducted inspections into child labor of 9,748 businessdown from 11,575 businesses the previous year. Many place names were changed. ), total population: 78.03 yearsmale: 76.57 yearsfemale: 79.57 years (2022 est. Arbitrary Arrest: Although the law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, authorities sometimes used vaguely worded provisions, such as inciting an unarmed gathering and insulting a government body, to arrest and detain individuals considered to be disturbing public order or criticizing the government. The government said that it closed 11 facilities and opened one new facility to improve prison conditions in the last year but argued that they have alleviated overcrowding by increasing the use of minimum-security centers that permit prisoners to work and by using electronic monitoring. The International Trade Union Confederation reported that judicial persecution of trade union leaders had intensified. On 2014-10-29, ISO 3166-2 made the same spelling change. Overuse of pretrial detention remained a problem. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy. Intelligence services arrested journalist Said Chitour in June 2017 and accused him of sharing intelligence with a foreign power. An NGO reported that LGBTI men were targeted more often than are women. Many civil society organizations, government opponents, and political parties had access to independent print and broadcast media and used them to express their views. ), electrification - total population: 99.4% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 99.6% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 97% (2019), installed generating capacity: 21.694 million kW (2020 est. ), total: 28.9 yearsmale: 28.6 yearsfemale: 29.3 years (2020 est. If domestic violence results in death, a judge can prescribe a life sentence. Provinces, Dpartements, Rgions. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. The Ministry of Justice said cell sizes exceeded international standards set by the United Nations Nelson Mandela Rules. military territories as the arrondissements were to the civil territories, and the cercles were on a par with
According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the government repatriated 35,113 Nigeriens (including 16,478 women and children) from December to August, pursuant to a bilateral agreement at the request of the Nigerien government. )proven reserves: 4,503,900,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est. Coordinator for the Arctic Region; According to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African countries. Security forces dispersed political opposition rallies and interfered with the right to organize. Local human rights activists reported that prisoners feared reprisals if they reported abuse by authorities during detention or the interrogation process. With the exception of several daily newspapers, the majority of print media outlets relied on the government for physical printing materials and operations. Christians reside mostly in Algiers and the Provinces of Kabylie, Bejaia, Tizi Ouzou, Annaba, Ouargla, and Oran. Security services prevented the meeting from taking place in the absence of an official authorization. The attendees moved their meetings elsewhere and were followed by police who ordered them to disperse. The Ministry of Justice did not provide information on the percentage of defamation claims that originated from private citizens, as opposed to government officials. Nationwide, the government required citizens and organizations to obtain permits from the national government-appointed local governor before holding public meetings or demonstrations. According to the International Telecommunication Union, 45 percent of the population used the internet in 2017. The law criminalizing speech about security force conduct during the internal conflict of the 1990s remained in place, although the government said there had never been an arrest or prosecution under the law. These groups targeted security services personnel in periodic but small-scale attacks. Many Algerians legally entered Tunisia without visas claiming to be tourists and then stayed as workers. G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, MA, 1957. The capital city of a baladiyah, )solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Algeria, An official website of the United States Government. The law mandates that online news outlets must inform the government of their activities but does not require them to request authorization to operate. )-$18.187 billion (2020 est. Women may seek divorce for irreconcilable differences and violation of a prenuptial agreement. Algeria covers an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), making it the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa. With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the ninth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. The governments National AIDS Committee met twice during the year. Press and Media Freedom: The National Agency for Publishing and Advertising (ANEP) controls public advertising for print media. )from consumed natural gas: 93.414 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The DGAPR separates vulnerable persons but provides no consideration for sexual orientation. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. ), 2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2022 est. The UN LOCODE page for Algeria lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. The Ministry of Interior reported in March to a Senate session that approximately 500 illegal migrants try to enter the country daily along the countrys southern borders. The NGOs reported harassment and threats of imprisonment by government authorities. A CNDH representative said the organization viewed the most serious human rights concerns as limits on socioeconomic rights, as well as limits on free speech. By law ISPs face criminal penalties for the material and websites they host, especially if subject matters are incompatible with morality or public opinion. The Ministries of Justice, Interior, and Post, Information Technology, and Communication have oversight responsibilities. The Sahrawi refugees had not sought local integration or naturalization during their 40-year stay in the refugee camps near Tindouf, and the Polisario Front continued to call for a referendum on independence in Western Sahara. According to the law, police must obtain a summons from the prosecutors office to require a suspect to appear in a police station for preliminary questioning. Furthermore, the government restricted union activities and the formation of independent unions in certain critical public services sectors, such as oil and gas and telecommunications. Sub-Saharan African migrants came to Algeria after its civil war to work in agriculture and mining. The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a forensic physician for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered incapacitated the victim for 15 days. The law prohibits torture and prescribes prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years for government agents found guilty of torture. )percent of population: 63% (2020 est. On July 13, the Ministry of Justice removed a public prosecutor and his deputy from a court in Boudouaou for their alleged involvement in the legal proceedings following the discovery of 701 kilograms of cocaine in the port of Oran on May 29. )$471.223 billion (2020 est. 1955-08-07: Bne department formed by taking the eastern arrondissements of Constantine department: Bne
Lawyers reported that authorities usually carried out procedures for warrants and summonses properly. The law limits the grounds for pretrial detention and stipulates that before it can be imposed, a judge must assess the gravity of a crime and whether the accused is a threat to society or a flight risk. The 130,000-member National Gendarmerie, which performs police functions outside of urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense, and the approximately 218,000-member DGSN or national police, organized under the Ministry of Interior, share responsibility for maintaining law and order. International and local observers alleged that authorities occasionally used antiterrorism laws and restrictive laws on freedom of expression and public assembly to detain political activists and outspoken critics of the government. The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. Although specific data was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the informal sales market, often in family businesses. In addition, six private domestic television channels, 12 foreign broadcasting channels, and one foreign radio stationthe BBCoperated throughout the year. ), 12.7% (2021 est. Defamation laws specify that former members of the military who make statements deemed to have damaged the image of the military or to have harmed the honor and respect due to state institutions may face prosecution. Opposition candidate Benflis rejected the results and claimed that fraud marred the elections. ), improved: urban: 99.6% of populationrural: 98.8% of populationtotal: 99.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.4% of populationrural: 1.2% of populationtotal: 0.6% of population (2020 est. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women said 60 percent of the recipients of government microcredit loans for small businesses were women. The Labor Ministry employed one labor inspector per 12,000 workers for a total of 853 as of the end of 2017. The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. split from Blida; Tissemsilt formed from parts of Alger and Tiaret. These observers, among others, pointed to the law as a significant source of arbitrary arrests intended to suppress political activism. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. According to the ministry, there were 14 accredited foreign press agencies reported during the year. parts of Oum el Bouaghi and Tbessa; Mila formed from parts of Constantine, Jijel, Oum el Bouaghi, and Stif; Naama
For a second year, the government blocked access to social media sites, including Facebook and Twitter, for several days during nationwide high school exams. ), 18.52 births/1,000 population (2022 est. In July, Algerian League for the Defense of Human Rights (LADDH) and 15 representatives from other NGOs gathered at a hotel in Oran to discuss migration. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.5% (2021 est. Access to Asylum: While the law provides generally for asylum or refugee status, the government has not established a formal system through which refugees can request asylum. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. The Ministry of Interior is responsible for organizing the election and voting processes. The law stipulates that detainees should immediately be able to contact a family member and receive a visit, or to contact an attorney. Algeria Telephone: (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency after-hours telephone: (213) 770-08-2200 Fax: 0770-08-2299 Email: ACSAlgiers@state.gov. The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and independent media outlets regularly criticized and satirized government officials and policies, but the government on some occasions restricted these rights. 1957-07-01: New department codes assigned to the thirteen departments. The judiciary was not impartial and was perceived by some observers to be subject to influence and corruption. During the year, the government deported migrants to Mali. The ministry also issues and renews accreditation of foreign correspondents reporting in the country. The departments were subdivided
Former president Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud, and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. )-5.1% (2020 est. Most trials are public, except when the judge determines the proceedings to be a threat to public order or morals. The penal code guarantees defendants the right to free interpretation as necessary. The law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities, although the government did not always effectively enforce these provisions. The law does not differentiate between girls and boys in registration of birth. During a media interview, Omar Belhouchet, the editor ofEl Watan, an independent daily newspaper, said that media companies self-censor regarding certain topics. The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. The ministry has three to six months to review the text, with the absence of a response after that time constituting a rejection of the application. Striking requires a secret ballot of the whole workforce. Academics and activists said that sub-Saharan African migrants sometimes faced discrimination and that there were tensions in some communities between the native and migrant populations. List of Algerian provinces by population This article has been translated from the Recent Elections: Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Bouteflika for a fourth term. Although the government did not renew the accreditation of LADDH, the organization had members countrywide, received independent funding, and was one of the most active independent human rights groups. It requires national-level civil organizations to apply to the Ministry of Interior for permission to operate. ~1962: Name of Bne department changed to Annaba. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. ), total: 21% (2020 est. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. )consumption: 46,945,035,000 cubic meters (2019 est. While the constitution provides for the separation of powers between the executive and judicial branches of government, the executive branchs broad statutory authorities limited judicial independence. Foreign observers from the African Union, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and Arab League characterized the elections as largely well organized and conducted without significant problems on election day. In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. The government supported the countrys Network for the Defense of Childrens Rights (NADA). Status of Government Respect for Religious WebDeputy Secretaries of State. Coercion in Population Control: There were no reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization. It appears that the -r- spelling is
Intelligence activities fall under three intelligence directorates reporting to a presidential national security counselor and performing functions related specifically to internal, external, and technical security. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. names. The standard workweek was 40 hours, including one hour for lunch per day. According to human rights activists, citizens widely believed the government conducted frequent electronic surveillance of a range of citizens, including political opponents, journalists, human rights groups, and suspected terrorists. Unions have the right to form and join federations or confederations, and the government recognized four confederations. wilaya). Italy 13%, France 13%, Spain 12%, United States 7%, United Kingdom 7%, India 5%, South Korea 5% (2019), crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, fertilizers, ammonia (2019), $44.322 billion (2021 est.) The government allowed international observation of the elections but did not permit local civil society organizations to do the same. The constitution provides for the right of association, but the government restricted this right. During the year, the CNDH organized seminars and workshops on topics such as penitentiary reform and trafficking in persons. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. The governments lack of transparency over its use of state-funded advertising, however, permitted it to exert undue influence over print media. New FIPS
According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. departments of France. The National Association for the Fight Against Corruption noted the existence of an effective anticorruption law but stated that the government lacked the political will to apply the law. equivalence between arrondissements and subdivisions. Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. Regulations require the shareholders and managers of any radio or television channel to be Algerian citizens and prohibit them from broadcasting content that offends values anchored in Algerian society.. Employees who worked longer than the standard workweek received premium pay on a sliding scale from time-and-a-half to double time, depending on whether the overtime occurred on a normal workday, a weekend, or a holiday. )-$16.954 billion (2019 est.). According to NADA, while there are fewer cases of reported kidnapping, instances of child abuse and exploitation have increased. WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. Many organizations reported that they never received a deposit slip and that even with the receipt; it was difficult to conduct necessary administrative tasks without formal accreditation. )methane emissions: 49.94 megatons (2020 est. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. The law defines defamation as any allegation or imputation of a fact offending the honor or consideration of a person, or of the body to which the fact is imputed. The law does not require that the fact alleged or imputed be false or that the statement be made with malicious intent to damage another individuals reputation. List of Algerian provinces by area This article has been translated from the Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The law does not place significant restrictions on voter registration, but implementation of voter registration and identification laws proved inconsistent and confusing during past elections. made the national language. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. The law affirms the religiously based practice of allowing a man to marry as many as four wives. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria's construction and oil sectors. However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962, the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria's population growth rate by the late 1980s. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women reported that it ran 238 centers throughout the country that provided support for persons with intellectual, auditory, vision, and physical disabilitiesdown from 242 the previous year. In-country Movement: The constitution provides citizens the right to freely choose their place of residence and to move throughout the national territory. The government requires that foreign diplomats and private sector personnel have armed security escorts from the government should members of these groups travel outside of Algiers wilaya (province), El-Oued, and Illizi, near hydrocarbon industry installations and the Libyan border, respectively. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world - including the 3rd-largest reserves of shale gas - and is the 6th-largest gas exporter. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. the districts. The appeal must be filed within three days of the order. Opposition parties also disseminated information via the internet and published communiques but stated they did not have access to the national television and radio.
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